CANYON FLY Identification and Life Cycle in cairo egypt 2021
CANYON FLY Identification and Life Cycle Canyon flies (Fannia benjamini complex) are an emerging urban pest in California. These are native flies that have existed in western North America for a really while. There are seven related fly species within this complex, which collectively are called "canyon flies" thanks to their geographic association with natural canyons, particularly those within coastal and inland mountain ranges where oak trees dominate the landscape.
While distantly associated with the opposite Fannia flies mentioned above, these flies don't appear to develop in animal feces or fermenting green waste. our greatest guess at the present is that these native flies develop on moist decaying plant matter or leaf litter.
However, one canyon fly species (F. conspicua) has become quite problematic in Southern California in recent years following the introduction of an exotic succulent ground cover plant called red apple (Aptenia cordifolia) which was first introduced into us within the mid-1980s and is now widely planted in hillside communities for erosion control and fire protection.
The decaying understory of red apple has proven to be a superb developmental site for this fly species and canyon fly numbers can become incredibly problematic in communities where this plant is common.
Adult canyon flies are similar in size to the small house fly but are often distinguished from other flies by their three-spotted abdomen and yellow coloration at the bottom of their antennae. Like other Fannia flies, canyon flies aren't tolerant of high temperatures and adult numbers tend to peak from late spring through early summer,
with a second peak in late fall. Their daily activity is additionally restricted by temperature with activity generally limited to the cooler morning and evening hours during these seasonal periods of peak abundance. The life cycle of canyon flies is analogous to other Fannia flies, and therefore the larvae have an equivalent general morphology—flattened body shape with fleshy spines.
Damage Canyon flies prey on the body secretions of animals, like tears, mucus, sweat, and blood from open wounds.
Their persistent attempts to land upon the face and body of the host may result in considerable nuisance to humans. While they can't bite or make a wound to feed on blood, they are doing have small parastomal teeth on their mouthparts which they will use to scrape at mucous membranes round the eyes of animals to encourage the production of tears or other eye secretions.
These flies are related to the transmission of an eye-fixed worm to cattle. Management of Canyon Flies Adult canyon flies are very difficult to manage. Because these flies prey on animals, they're interested in several odors related to animals including CO2 (CO2), a component of animal breath.
Traps baited with CO2 will readily capture a minimum of one species of canyon fly (F. conspicua), but the removal of those flies using CO2 traps has not proven sufficient to scale back their nuisance. the sole successful strategy identified so far for the management of those flies is the removal of the red apple plant that is the developmental site for F. conspicua.
For other canyon fly species that don't develop in red apple, there are not any management strategies that have proven to be particularly successful. Application of insecticide by fogging vegetation bordering a residence has given some short-term relief, but this sort of management strategy isn't recommended because it impacts many beneficial and benign insect species and typically only provides some management of canyon flies for a couple of days.
FACE FLY Identification and Life Cycle Face flies (Musca autumnalis) are a drag particularly in rural areas of northern and coastal California where pastured cattle are present. the warmer, drier weather in inland Southern California and therefore the southern San Joaquin Valley isn't conducive to their development. Face flies require fresh cattle manure for development. the feminine face fly looks virtually just like the house fly but male face flies have a particular orange-yellow colored abdomen.
just like the house fly, it also has sponging mouthparts and can't bite. However, face fly behavior is distinctive because they're specifically interested in the eyes, nose, and mouth of cattle and horses.
Damage Face flies prey on the attention and nose secretions of cattle and horses within the summer months. Their habit of feeding around the eyes makes them capable of transmitting pinkeye to livestock, and therefore the face fly may be a far more successful pinkeye vector than the closely related house fly.
In late fall, large numbers of face flies may enter buildings or similar structures to hibernate through the winter months. On warm days, hibernating flies can become active leading to nuisance to homeowners. When active, face flies are interested in light, in order that they are frequently found flying inside homes near windows.
Management of Face Flies To control adult face flies within the house, locate where the flies are hibernating (overwintering). Begin checking out hibernation sites on the southern and western sides of the building because in fall and winter these walls receive the foremost sun and, therefore, are usually the warmest parts of the building and attract the best number of flies. Face flies seeking shelter will often enter cracks and crevices that cause structural voids within a building, like crawl spaces, attics, or false ceilings.
These structural voids may have to be inspected if adult face flies persist throughout the winter. Flies are often vacuumed off the surfaces on which they're hibernating; in areas inaccessible to vacuuming, a residual insecticide like a pyrethroid are often applied.
For application of residual insecticides, contact a reputable pest control company. to stop future infestations, cracks on the surface of the building structure that function entry points for flies should be sealed. For most fly species, the simplest control is achieved by removing larval developmental sites.
Because face flies develop in fresh, undisturbed cattle manure (intact manure pats), removal of larval developmental sites (i.e., removal of intact manure pats) could also be very difficult and doubtless impractical in most circumstances.
However, by increasing the density of cattle (generally accomplished by restricting their pasture area), the manure pats are going to be disturbed by the animals as they forage, allowing few flies to develop.
Alternatively, removal of cattle from nearby fields or pastures may help to scale back the matter. STABLE FLY Identification and Life Cycle The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), sometimes called the "biting fly," may be a common fly that attacks people living in neighborhoods where livestock (e.g., horses, cattle) or livestock facilities are present.
Stable flies typically appear in mid-late spring, become severe in early summer, and reduce in numbers throughout the remaining summer months when daytime temperatures are high. These flies are similar in appearance to deal with flies, except that stable flies have a bayonet-like mouthpart (proboscis) protruding from the front of the head; and that they lack the four dark stripes on the thorax that are indicative of house flies.
Under optimal temperatures, the stable fly can develop from egg to adult in 12 days. additionally to developing within the manure of livestock, piles of moist, decaying material (e.g., grass clippings, hay, silage) also are potential sources of stable flies, especially when this material is mixed with animal manure and urine.
Backyard compost piles are often ideal developmental sites for stable fly larvae and should function the assembly source for a whole neighborhood. Damage Both sexes of stable flies feed about once per day on the blood of animals (and sometimes people) and are known to offer a painful bite.
Although they're blood feeders and capable of transmitting some viruses, stable flies aren't known to be significant carriers of disease agents within the us. Stable flies like better to prey on the legs and lower body of cattle, horses, and other large animals (including humans).
On dogs or similar sized animals, stable flies typically feed round the periphery of the ears earning them another common name "dog flies." Undisturbed, a stable fly can fully engorge with blood in but 5 minutes. Fully fed stable flies will move to a close-by resting site (e.g., a wall or fence) while the feed is digested.
Management of Stable Flies The most effective and economical method for reducing stable fly numbers is to eliminate their developmental sites. to stop larval development, moist grass clippings should be removed or incorporated into compost piles.
Compost piles must be properly maintained to stop them from becoming breeding areas for stable flies. Proper maintenance includes periodically turning the pile, which promotes internal heating of the pile and rapid decomposition of the organic matter within the pile.
To protect dogs and horses that are bothered by stable flies, insect repellents containing permethrin or pyrethrins are effective but neither provides long-term control; repeated applications every other day are necessary.
Because the stable fly season is comparatively short (late spring through early summer), this chemical repellent approach could also be the foremost economical method to regulate stable flies on companion animals. BLOW FLIES Identification and Life Cycle Blow flies are a gaggle of fly species with similar life histories and behaviors.
Adult flies during this group are often readily differentiated from other flies discussed during this publication by their coloration, which may be a shiny, metallic green or blue often mixed with some copper. The term "blow fly" comes from the association of the many of those fly species with carrion (dead animals) on which some species will deposit their eggs; however, within the urban environment the foremost common developmental site for these flies is in human garbage, though accumulations of pet waste can also produce these flies. Under ideal temperatures, blow flies can develop from egg to adult in as little as 7 days.
almost like other nuisance flies, blow fly larvae leave their developmental site to hunt out drier and more protected areas for pupation. many householders have witnessed this behavior as a mass emergence of maggots crawling from their backyard trash cans when kitchen waste placed in these trash cans wasn't sealed during a plastic trash bag.
Blow fly larvae and house fly larvae look and behave similarly, making identification difficult for the untrained. Damage Like house flies, blow flies have sponging mouthparts and don't bite or prey on blood.
They are, however, strongly interested in human foods and garbage, making cooking outdoors difficult where they're present. like house flies, they'll be involved within the transmission of disease agents acquired from garbage or animal feces and subsequently deposited onto human foods.
Management of Blow Flies As with the opposite nuisance fly species, removal of larval developmental sites is that the most effective means of control. Household garbage and pet feces should be placed in plastic garbage bags and sealed before being deposited into trash containers outside the house.
Garbage cans should be began for pickup a minimum of once hebdomadally, albeit they're not full; because garbage that sits for quite one week is probably going to supply adult blow flies.
Finally, garbage cans should be regularly washed out with soap and water to get rid of any garbage residues which may attract blow flies or leave their development. Vertically hanging, sticky fly ribbons wont to reduce adult house fly numbers won't work to regulate adult blow flies; unlike house flies, blow flies don't regularly rest on vertical surfaces.
Adult blow flies are often controlled using odor-baited traps, as for house flies; but traps should be placed at a long way from the house or structure thanks to their foul odor. Selective use of insecticides could also be considered when sanitation measures fail to regulate fly problems.
Fly baits used for control of house flies aren't likely to supply good control of blow flies because the attractants present in fly baits were designed to draw in house flies instead of blow flies. However, when placed on the bottom surrounding trash containers, some control could also be obtained.
Comments
Post a Comment